The primary function of the bladder is temporary storage of urine. A second important function of the bladder is secretion of the stored urine at the moment there is cause to do so. These functions can be disrupted due to various causes.

A burn wound is a wound caused by skin being exposed to heat for a certain time above a certain critical temperature. Heat above this critical temperature (+/- 40°C) will cause damage to the skin. There are different types of burn wounds, which are categorized according to the depth of the burn wound.

The CPB (Checklist Pain Behaviour) is a pain assessment tool, that is used to assess pain in children with a limited expressive repertoire or with a profound cognitive impairment, by observing their behaviour. The CPB has ten observations that need te be addressed. The final score indicates whether the observed child suffers pain and 'how much'. The score is often combined with a VAS score that is completed by the nurses on basis of clinical experience.

The Comfort Behaviour scale /Comfortneo scale is an assessment tool, that is used to assess the pain behaviour of neonates (new born).
The Comfort Behaviour scale has 7 observation points that that need to be addressed. For each on observation is value is assigned from a 5-point scale, the final score indicates whether the observed child suffers pain and 'how much'. The score is combined with an NRS score that is completed by the nurses on basis of clinical experience.

An important function of the rectum in particular is the temporary storage and excretion of feces, at the moment there is cause to do so. Disrupting the bowel functions can lead to fecal incontinence and constipation.

A pressure ulcer is localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue, often over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure or pressure combined with friction. A pressure ulcer involves a major disease burden and reduces the quality of life for a patient. Adequate risk evaluation, prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers can lead to a fewer incidences and prevalence of pressure ulcers.

The Delirium Observation Screening Scale is a tool to determine whether a patient has delirium. The DOSS includes 13 observations of behavior (verbal and non-verbal) which represent the symptoms of a delirium. These observations can be performed during regular contact with the patient.

The FLACC (Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability) is a pain assessment tool, that is used to assess pain in children aged 0-7 years old by observing their behaviour. The FLACC has five subscales that need to be addressed. The final score indicates whether the observed child suffers pain and 'how much'. The score is often combined with a NRS-score that is completed by the nurses on basis of clinical experience.

Hearing is the ability to observe sound, with the purpose of communicating with others, localizing the source of the sound and recognizing certain sounds. This pertains to observing the sound waves, and not processing the sounds in the brain. A hearing disorder can lead to things including communication problems.

Sight is the ability to observe lit objects, with the goal of orienting yourself on objects and people in a lit environment. This pertains to observing the light stimuli, and not processing them in the brain. A sight disorder can lead to things including orientation problems.